The bride, Nagammai, was only thirteen. [41], Between 1929 and 1935, under the strain of World Depression, political thinking worldwide received a jolt from the spread of international communism. Supposedly because he sang fulsome praises of Tamil and Tamilnadu. [27][28][29][30][citation needed][31][32] Periyar attended school for five years after which he joined his father's trade at the age of 12. The fear of the Hindi language had its origin in the conflict between Brahmins and non-Brahmins. On 14 April, Periyar and his wife Nagamma arrived in Vaikom. [116] Other political figures influenced by Periyar were former Congress minister K. Kamaraj,[24] former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Mayawati. He explained that the Christian faith says that there can be only one God which has no name or shape. The thing I call god... that makes all people equal and free, the god that does not stop free thinking and research, the god that does not ask for money, flattery and temples can certainly be an object of worship. In Vaikom, a small town in Kerala state, then Travancore, there were strict laws of untouchability in and around the temple area. Starting with about 500 people at Vaikom, the number increased to about 5000 when the procession reached Thiruvananthapuram in November 1924. [82][84], The concept of Dravida Nadu was later modified down to Tamil Nadu. Thakurta, Paranjoy Guha; Shankar Raghuraman (2004). Anita Diehl explains that Periyar saw faith as compatible with social equality and did not oppose religion itself. Periyar also asserted that due to the secular nature of Thirukkural, it has the capacity to be the common book of faith for all humanity and can be kept on par or above the holy books of all religions. [36][37][38], The way in which the Vaikom Satyagraha events have been recorded provides a clue to the image of the respective organisers. From 1929 to 1932 Ramasamy made a tour of British Malaya, Europe, and Soviet Union which influenced him. Women’s Conference held at Chennai in 1938. [74], At the same time, Periyar was also known to have made controversial remarks on the Tamil language and people from time to time. Ramasamy, after establishing the Self-Respect Movement as an independent institution, began to look for ways to strengthen it politically and socially. [120] Noted Tamil Comedian N. S. Krishnan was a close friend and follower of Periyar. [46], A political party known as the South Indian Libertarian Federation (commonly referred to as Justice Party) was founded in 1916, principally to oppose the economic and political power of the Brahmin groups. His philosophy preaches that human actions should be based on rational thinking. [23] E.V. At the worship site there were free meals offered to guests. [100] In 1955 Periyar was arrested for his public action of burning pictures of Rama in public places as a symbolic protest against the Indo-Aryan domination and degradation of the Dravidian leadership according to the Ramayana epic. [125][126][127], Sathyaraj and Khushboo Sundar starred in a government-sponsored film Periyar released in 2007. Sharma, clearly show that Periyar and his followers emphasised that Periyar was the real fighter for the removal of Untouchability and the true upliftment of Hairjans, whereas Gandhi was not. The party's goal was to render social justice to the non-Brahmin groups. According to his philosophy, rationalism, which has to lead the way for peaceful life to all, had resulted in causing poverty and worries to the people because of dominating forces. The committee was chaired by K Kelappan; the rest of the members were T K Madhavan, Velayudha Menon, Kurur Neelakantan Namboodiripad and T R Krishnaswami Iyer. According to him, though certain items in this ancient book of ethics may not relate to today, it permitted such changes for modern society. What was the status of people living 4,000 years ago and now? In Kerala, a committee was formed comprising people of different castes to fight untouchability in the region. Ramasamy.[34]. Thirumavalavan, Thol; Meena Kandasamy (2003). [103], "Muslims are following the ancient philosophies of the Dravidians. He is known as the 'Father of the Dravidian movement'. Thus, the philosophy of self-respect taught that human actions should be guided by reason, right and wrong should follow from rational thinking and conclusions drawn from reason should be respected under all circumstances. [25], Over the years, Periyar influenced Tamil Nadu's political party heads such as C.N. Ramasamy married for a second time in July 1948. Many get angry with me for saying so. However, a few who disagreed with Periyar started a splinter group, claiming to be the original Justice Party. On 1 October 1924, a group of savarnas (forward castes) marched in a procession and submitted a petition to the Regent Maharani Sethulakshmi Bai of Travancore with about 25000 signatures for temple entry to everyone. [55], Periyar's foremost appeal to people was to develop self-respect. When B. Munuswamy Naidu became the Chief Minister of Madras Presidency in 1930, he endorsed the inclusion of Brahmins in the Justice Party, saying: So long as we exclude one community, we cannot as a political speak on behalf of, or claim to represent all the people of our presidency. [25], On 16 March 1978, Maniyammai died. On Islam, he stated how it was good for abolishing the disgrace in human relationship, based on one of his speeches to railway employees at Tiruchirapalli in 1947. He claimed that the introduction of Hindi was a dangerous mechanism used by the Aryans to infiltrate Dravidian culture. [92] His Self-Respect Movement espoused rationalism and atheism and the movement had currents of anti-Brahminism. He argued that the government was not for the people, but, in a "topsy-turvy" manner, the people were for the government. As shown in the negotiations at Vaikom his methods for abolishing discrimination were: to stress on the orthodox, inhumane treatment of Untouchables; to secure voluntary lifting of the ban by changing the hearts of caste Hindus; and to work within a Hindu framework of ideas.

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