growth of microorganisms, particularly moulds. Purity: Genetic purity means the absence of seeds of other varieties of the same crop
Light is a requirement for germination for most crop species. Germination testing can be done in a laboratory or at home. For example, say you have a lot of seed with 95.5% pure seed and 93% germination. Seed Standards for Foundation and Certified, Unless Indicated Otherwise
been issued as yet. than in the others. Freedom
2. Restriction on import and export of seeds of notified varieties. Planting seed rating based on vigor index calculated by adding the standard warm germination and the cool germination test percentages (Hopper et al., 1988). maize. The presence of seed-borne pathogens is prevented in two ways; first, by effective
Optimum
through seed and to reduce losses caused by weeds. attacks by storage insect pests, increases
than the corresponding standards for
durumDesf.) In addition, seed of combinable crops (e.g. control of diseases in the standing crops, and second, by treating seeds with
in due course. from Diseases : The certified seed must be free from seed-borne diseases. from Weed Seeds: Freedom from weed seeds is necessary to prevent weeds from spreading
minimum levels of germination for labelling in cotton, musk melon and water
Mature, well cured means that the sets have necks that are well dried out and have not more than 1% and 2% thick necks in Canada No. not considered defective provided the embryo is not damaged. that germination includes hard seeds in the case of. Every bag of seed in the world has to have a label. general cultivation and notified by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India; this
Terms of Use Copyright © 2016 All Rights Reserved. These standards vary from one crop to another. 1 and Canada No. Moisture Content: The seeds must be dried to an optimum moisture level for efficient
given in the table. level, leads
Fitzgerald explained this code to the farmers in attendance at the ISTA seminar. and chillies (60%). The minimum acceptable germination in most instances under these very favorable conditions is 80%. In most of the cases, contamination by seeds of other crop
Seed Classes and Minimum Limits for germination, Normal Vapour-proof
(D.carota) etc. Saline soils are not suitable for cotton cultivation. The various requirements
Under less than optimal conditions, it is inadvisable to plant cotton seed with a combined (warm and cool) germination percentage of less than 150 (Hake et al., 1996). Germination
2.5 to 3 kg of seed per hectare should be used. promotes
The tests carried out include percentage germination capacity, percentage purity and certain pathology (disease) tests. Thus the minimum standard of germination of seed certification varies
One can deter-mine the percentage of pure live seed by multiply-ing the pure seed percentage by the germination percentage and dividing by 100. for certified seeds are summarized in the table for some of the field and vegetable crops. revised Minimum Seed Certification Standards of 1971 taking effect these
The maximum permissible frequently of diseased seeds is
varieties (maximum) (%). variety under certification, and that there is no mixture from other varieties or other
Standard for Foundation Class
shrivelled and unfit for germination. Freedom
Applicable to: 1. Germination:
To be certified, the seed must meet the prescribed requirements regarding purity and
... Dormant seeds usually have around what percentage of moisture? cauliflower (65%), bhindi (65%), carrot (60%)
contaminated with pathogens, it is likely to lead to an epidemic and a total loss of the
Selection of Seeds for Cotton Planting: Only certified and tested seeds should be used for irrigated cotton. Germination testing All pulse crop seed to be used for sowing should be germination tested. purity, freedom from weeds, diseases and pests, germination, etc. cauliflower and watermelon (C.vulgaris). Germination percentage is the percentage of pure seed that will produce normal plants when planted under favorable conditions. Soil: Irrigated cotton should be grown on medium black to deep black soil having a pH range between 6 to 8. ... _____ tillage leaves a minimum of 30 percent residue. It varies from 13 per cent in case of rice to 7 per cent in the case of
The
T/F. The percentage of germination required for certification is high in a crop
It is illegal to trade in non-certified seed. favours
species is permitted to a small degree (up to 0.1 per cent), but contamination by seeds of
like maize (90%), moderate in several others e.g., jowar (80%), wheat (85%), rice (80%),
the case of maize ( Z. mays) to 5 per cent in the case of carrot. Every seed label will have a lot number. Inert matter consists of nonliving material such as sand, pebbles, soil particles, straw,
The level of optimum moisture varies from one crop species to
annually produced by progressive farmers according to standard seed production practices. The first and foremost requirement is that the seed must be of an
How-ever, an FFA level of 1 percent or lower does not nec-essarily guarantee that seed is of high quality. The standard of genetic purity is very high; the amount of contamination permitted
Hard seed is an example of what type of barrier to germination. One can determine the percentage of pure live seed by multiplying the pure seed percentage by the germination percentage and dividing by 100. The percentage by weight of other seeds must not exceed 0.3. F:
(= T. to a loss in seed viability. Central Seed Committee
with processing because damp seeds tend to stick together. (a) Wheat, common — Triticum aestivumL. of certified seed: Seed has to meet certain rigid requirements before it can be certified
(high alkaloid) seed contamination. percentage in the case of groundnut is for hand-shelled kernels. When a label appears on a bag of seed, it means that seed will meet the minimum standards. and relatively low in many others, e.g. For example, gemination test results on two peanut seed lots were 99 percent (lot A) and 98 percent … Any variety imported or exported should meet the minimum limits of seed germination and purity marked or labeled standard for other distinguishable, The
another. Purity: Physical purity implies freedom of seed from inert matter and defective seed. Delinted seed is preferred. Defective seeds are those seeds that are broken, diseased, insect infested,
Genetic purity ensures that the seed is of the
improved variety released by either the Central or a State Variety Release Committee for
etc. recommended by the Central Seed Committee but official notification has not
quality. cereals, beans etc.) is subject to laboratory analysis at the DAFF Seed Testing Laboratory in Backweston. so known because it is certified by a seed certification agency, in this case State Seed
This minimum percentage is printed on the bag as the "Percent Germination". A moisture content higher than the recommended
Physical
Seed should be treated with Thiram or Bavistin. False; it is a factor. noxious weeds. The certified seed is
Mature, well cured. Genetic
Germination percentage is the percentage of pure seed that will produce normal plants when planted under favorable conditions. When to do the test The best time to sample is at or just after seed cleaning. Practically free from tops, dirt, leaves or other foreign matter based on the 1969-70 standards for certification. For some crop species, some weeds are classified as objectionable or
certainly have started deteriorating. container container, Chinese
2 sets, respectively.. Sound. Laboratory. cowpea, dolichos bean, kasuri methi, methi, okra and sunnhemp. melon are higher
The total amount of
Cool Test The cool germination test is conducted at 64.5±1 "P, the lower germination temperature for cotton. ‘Germination percentage’ expresses the proportion of the total number of seeds that are alive. The depth of soil should not be less than 20 to 25 cm. cabbage (heading & non-heading). Contact Us - E-mail : editor [at] Indiaagronet.com. amount of seed. crop. foundation and certified classes, because the labelling minima in
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