(Yeah, confusing right?) Present [wakati uliopo] The present tense uses -NA-Sentensi: 1. *NOTE: There is one, very important exception to this rule for all animate nouns (nouns that describe living things -- such as humans, animals, etc). In Kiswahili, nearly all adjectives take a prefix and occur AFTER the noun of which they modify. In Kiswahili you use asubuhi to mean morning, or jioni/usiku to mean evening or night respectively. With that in mind, please email me using the sidebar if you find any issues or would like to suggest more content to be added. Then you put it all together to get: mtoto wa Bob. However, when using ordinal numbers (first, second, third... etc), "first" and "second" correspond to "kwanza" and "pili". *NOTE: In the third-person singular (i.e. Passive Voice is described as a sentence in which the object is the subject. This produces the sentence: Mtoto anaimba. Keep in mind, eventually you will need to more-or-less memorize this whole table. *NOTE: The most complicated (but similar to exceptions above) applies here for SOME animate nouns (nouns that describe living things -- such as humans, animals, etc). **Note: Class 9 & 10 nouns are the same for the singular and plural. Negate the verb as if it were in present tense Precede the verb with the word huwa Sentensi: 1. The follow chart shows how you distinguish 7 AM from 7 PM. Once again, I will leave you with a simple example that should be self-explainitory: Let's say you want to write the sentence "my child". The first advanced tense we will cover is the "-me" tense. Well, similarly to above, you determine mtoto is Class 1 because it is the singular of mtoto/watoto which matches the first pair of classes: m/wa. Some of these have roots from the basic 1-9 numbers, but a handful are borrowed from Arabic so all bets are off. For convience I'll map them out here: 2. To use these in some sentences: *NOTE: In the fourth sentence, the "sisi" is optional. Animate nouns that are NOT in Class 9 & 10, use the w- possessive prefixes from Class 1 or 2 respectively. a-ta-imba (she/he will sing), a-ta-andika (she/he will write). My terminology should all be taken "as-is". "Kuwa" is the word for "to be" in Kiswahili. The first is -ia and the other is -ea. And the object is the "pizza" (the thing being cooked). If you look in the chart, you will notice that Class 1 and yeye take the same prefix: a- (or yu- for Places). Learning the Swahili Verbs displayed below is vital to the language. Note: You may see verbs shown in two flavours. In past tense, the negation prefix "ku" is optional as it's redundant. To express an actual date, use the following format:tarehe (ya) + date number + mwezi wa + monthExample (June 23rd): tarehe (ya) ishirini na tatu mwezi wa sita. For the tens column (20, 30, 40, ... 90) things get REALLY weird. The perfixes for the past tense verbs is -li-: For example; They use the phrase mwezi wa ("month of") + number. For each noun class, there is a different prefix that is used for adjectives describing a noun within that class. In past tense, the negation prefix "ku" is optional as it's redundant. However, we can group "-me" verbs into two categories:     *NOTE: The opposite of this (for negative verbs --> i.e. *NOTE: For the numeric version, they have an easy to remember format. All animate things (even when they are in a different class), use the a- or wa- prefixes from Class 1 or 2 respectively. But now what? This prefix normally comes after the prefix that stands for the noun. For the past tense, you use the past tense of kuwa merged with -po/-ko/-mo as a single word: Here is the future tense. The passive voice is formed by adding the one of the following suffixes to your verb: -wa, -liwa, and lewa. For positive versions of these, see the -me tense above. This is because the noun classes are most easily recognized by their prefixes (especially the plural form prefix!) Before some explanation and examples, we will provide you with some charts: The first chart shows the new prefix. summary tenses in Swahili are determined by the prefix you put before the verb. Note: The present negation of "kuwa na" is NOT the same for all pronouns. This is just something you need to know. From what I understand, these vary in usage based on location of the Kiswahili speaking area. Since yeye is the third-person pronoun, it can be used to replace most of the nouns from Class 1 because it contains people words. Here is how you can say 15, 30, or 45 minutes on the hour. You know the word for "sing" ("-imba"). Our teacher (mwalimu) preferred the numeric ones. as well as in English the simple past tense (imperfect) is used to describe past *NOTE: The patterns for the suffixes are similar to the Object Prefixes. However I do my best to use blue to show any roots that stem form the earlier numbers. it’s very easy, just use the infinitive verb and add prefix –ta-g, For example: a-ta-enda (she/he will go), Verbs ending in “i”, “u”, and “e” do not change. Here is a common example: Rafiki (the word for "friend(s)") is a word in Class 9 & 10 (the singular and plural are the same). The tense … These include agglutinativity, a rich array of noun classes, extensive inflection for person (both subject and object), tense, aspect and mood, and generally a subject–verb–objectword order. In Swahili, verbs take the following the Well, similarly to adjectives, you determine mtoto is Class 1 because it is the singular of mtoto/watoto which matches the first pair of classes: m/wa. So if you have a "good friend", you would have: Rafiki mzuri. It is colloquially referred to as the "not yet" tense. To determine which to use, check the word for the main vowel that you pronounce (usually this is the first).For example, take "-soma" and "-pika", the main vowels in each are: "-soma" and "-pika". *NOTE2: The word "bado" (yet, still) is often used in conjunction with this tense. Its conjugation can be found below: *NOTE: If you wanted to do an action to yourself, such as "cook FOR yourself", then use the Reflexive. Conjugating verbs formula: pronoun prefix + tense prefix + verb root To refer to oneself, you use the Object Prefix of ji. as well as in English the simple past tense (imperfect) is used to describe past For example: to "cook FOR oneself", you will start with "-pika". For example, twenty-one (21) is written as "twenty and one" or. See below the example for a grammatic explanation). If you recall from earlier lessons, we usually form verbs like so:Pronoun Prefix + Tense Prefix + Verb Root Well, similarly to adjectives, you determine mtoto is Class 1 because it is the singular of mtoto/watoto which matches the first pair of classes: m/wa. But now what? You use this tense to say that some event has not yet taken place, or some action is not done yet. Note: You just use "na" to join on more numbers ("thousands" na "hundrends" na "tens" na "ones"). Also don't forget to check the rest of our other lessons listed on Learn Swahili. Normally, Class 9 & 10 would use i- and zi-, but since friends are living people, they use a- and wa-. Just determine what class it is from, and use the prefix in the table for the appropriate class instead of the a- in this example. It should be noted that I color coated the prefix that changes between the singular and plurals in red with the root of the word in blue. So I am just gonna give you an example: Imagine that you now want to say "the child does not sing".

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