An alternative for managing flood risks should be put on the table for examination alongside hydro power operation considerations. Sustainable development is a process of meeting present generation needs without compromising the needs of future generations. Indeed, the goal of being fully 'sustainable' will remain aspirational in value. But the paper also argues that system-scale approaches will reduce project-level risk and produce economic benefits for nations, including through maintaining and increasing the benefits of free-flowing rivers. Science is clear on how dams can reduce a river’s biodiversity and cripple its productivity as a protein source — as well as the outsize costs society would pay to compensate for those losses. However, true environmental sustainability on the Yangtze River will require more than environmental flows. The Nature Conservancy. Here we use the commonly cited definition of the Bruntland Commission which defines as sustainable those activities that 'meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs', considering economic, social, and environmental aspects. The alternative power generation could be provided by having turbines like the ones used in tide hydraulic power generation but they will be laid in the whole length of the river bed in order to produce enough power as from the dams . The science says siting new hydro projects through a systems approach can provide substantial energy production while minimizing impacts on nature. Guardian sustainable business The hydropower paradox: is this energy as clean as it seems? The cumulative effect of all this development presents a monumental threat to the ecological values of the Upper Yangtze River Basin, which is well known among ecologists for its high level of biological productivity and richness of species, including hundreds of plants and animals (including fish) found nowhere else in the world. Ziv, G. et al. Kuby, M. J., Fagan, W. F., ReVelle, C. S. and Graf, W. L. (2005). Some hydro power could be considered sustainable; some hydro power should not. The elusive nature of sustainability Much has been written about 'sustainable development' to the point that some critics have abandoned it as an intangible and unquantifiable platitude, and therefore of little use in real-world natural resource management. The Conservancy paper estimates 15% more— or US$3 billion per year — between now and 2040. The basin as a whole has an average annual runoff of 480Bm3 per year; October has about 45Bm3 on average. Hydro power dams typically alter flow regimes by reducing daily flow rates in the high flow season when storing floodwaters for later use, including eliminating small floods. This process can identify those sub-basins or river reaches that have the greatest ecological and social values, and thus should receive greater protection, and those basins or river reaches in which hydro power development will have relatively lower impacts. This would give local, national and international stakeholders the vital reassurance they seek that a hydropower project is independently verified as sustainable. The reality is that hydro power can potentially cause serious environmental and social disruption if not planned and operated carefully. Full development of energy potential would reduce basinwide migratory fish biomass by nearly 20%, but note that three-quarters of the energy potential could be developed with as little as a 3% decline in basinwide migratory fish biomass. The Yangtze is immense in its scale and economic, ecological and cultural value. (2012). Multiple projects and multiple water and energy management functions need to be considered simultaneously. Decisions on future dam project siting are being made now. In addition to changes in the flow regime, dams can heavily modify water temperatures and the downstream transport of sediment, further impacting river ecosystems. Conditions in the Yangtze provide some optimism that China can develop the basin's hydro power resources in a manner compatible with maintaining its unique environmental resources. And hydro-dam construction and planning is accelerating rapidly worldwide, with the World Bank announcing in 2013 that it would return to financing hydropower as part of its core lending strategy after a two-decade hiatus. Throughout the Upper Yangtze River Basin, numerous small and middle-sized dams are being planned, covering virtually every major river and tributary segment. And 70 percent of projected new hydro investment is slated to occur in river basins with the greatest diversity of aquatic species, according to a 2015 Nature Conservancy report. With its pollution-free electricity, hydropower projects are providing a pathway to a sustainable future.

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