General Chemistry: Key Terms & Definitions 1. Covalent bonds have directionality. Molecule – A type of particle that is made up of two or more atoms bonded together; carbon monoxide is an example of a molecule. It’s an important question, as these four things (and the stuff of which they themselves are made) make up everything in the universe. A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements…. Atomic number – The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; for example, the atomic number for helium is 2. 26. It only takes seconds! It highlights the capacity of an atom for undergoing a reaction, but it’s used much less often compared to the oxidation number. Mixture – matter than can be separated into parts using differences in physical properties; saltwater is a mixture of salt and water. Let’s start small. 21. 14. oxidation state: Also known as the oxidation number, a measure for how many electrons an atom needs to become a neutral species. Cite this article as: William Anderson (Schoolworkhelper Editorial Team), "General Chemistry: Key Terms & Definitions," in. Born-Haber cycle: An important thermodynamic calculation that is used to quantify the energy involved in making ionic compounds. Let us do your homework! There are many words and terms that are specific to chemistry, in this case inorganic chemistry. Electron – A particle of an atom that surrounds the nucleus; has a charge of negative one. Otherwise,... B Definitions - Background Radiation to Buffer. Alvin W. Orbaek is a research assistant at Rice University, Houston, Texas, where he is completing his PhD in chemistry. smallest part of a substance that has all the properties of the substance. ionic bond: An ionic bond is formed when there is a transfer of electrons from one atom to another atom. Conductivity – Describes how easily a substance lets heat or electricity move through it. Your online site for school work help and homework help. Hess’s law: For any given chemical reaction, the total energy required to complete the reaction is the same regardless of the number of steps required to complete the reaction. Article last reviewed: 2019 | St. Rosemary Institution © 2010-2020 | Creative Commons 4.0. ATTENTION: Please help us feed and educate children by uploading your old homework! Periodic Table – A system for organizing the elements into columns and rows, so that elements with similar properties are in the same column. 20. Michael L. Matson is an assistant professor of chemistry at the University of Houston-Downtown where he instructs Inorganic Chemistry. electrons in the outermost shell. In anions, the degree of covalent bonding increases with increasing polarizability of the ion. Texture – Describes how the surface of a substance feels (its roughness, softness, or smoothness). Look up definitions of common and important organic chemistry terms. Science Teacher and Lover of Essays. 10. 11. 3. 1. Inorganic Chemistry For Dummies Cheat Sheet, Modern Marvels Due to Inorganic Chemistry, Part of Inorganic Chemistry For Dummies Cheat Sheet. Can... 2. ionic compound. acid any substance that dissociates in water to yield a sour corrosive solution containing hydrogen ions, having a pH of less than 7, and turning litmus red alcohol a colourless flammable liquid, the active principle of intoxicating drinks, produced by the fermentation of sugars, esp glucose, and used as a solvent and in the manufacture of organic chemicals. In resonance processes, electrons are delocalized and the energy of the electrons are stabilized. 19. Calorimetry may be used to find the heat of reaction of two compounds or the heat of combustion of a compound, for example. two or more substances that have been mixed together but not chemically combined. Matter – Anything that has mass and occupies space (volume). It’s affected by conditions such as temperature, concentration, and the use of a catalyst. 22. Not all reactions create the most thermodynamic product; some are controlled by kinetics instead. Neutron – Located in the nucleus of an atom, has no charge. thermodynamic control: Reactions that create products with the lowest energy and most stable product are said to be controlled by thermodynamics. Period – A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table; for example, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and argon make up period 3 of the periodic table. carboxylic acid - A carboxylic acid is an organic molecule containing a -COOH group. Pure substance – A substance made up of only one kind of matter; for instance, copper, distilled water and aluminum are all pure substances. It’s based on electrostatic or columbic interactions. Boiling occurs when the vapor pressure of a liquid exceeds atmospheric... C - Cadmium … 15. Precipitation – A solid substance that can form when certain dissolved substances are mixed together. Atom – the smallest unit of an element that displays the same properties as the element, for example, hydrogen. Chemical symbol – A short form used to represent the name of an element; C is the chemical symbol for carbon. 24. 13. covalent bond: The sharing of electrons between to atoms, covalent bonds are typically quite strong. Lewis structure: Structural representation of how the valence electrons are located about a molecule or atom, it’s used to show the presence of bonding pairs and non-bonding lone pairs. 7. Fundamental Terms in Chemistry: The Small Stuff. Home. periodic table: A table of the elements that are ordered according to a successive increase in the atomic number. kinetics: A study of the rate of a reaction. Alkalinity is a measure of how basic a substance is. Fajan’s rule: Used to determine qualitatively the degree of covalent bonding in ionic materials. chemistry: terms used in chemistry. resonance effects: Used to describe the situation when a chemical species donates or withdraws electrons through orbital overlap with neighboring pi bonds. Family – A vertical column of elements in the periodic table also known as a group. A to Z Chemistry Dictionary A- Absolute Alcohol to Azimuthal Quantum Number. This is an organic chemistry glossary. Chemical formula – A short form used to represent a molecule; uses letters and numbers; only pure substances have chemical formulas; H2O is the chemical formula for water. Forms the basic understanding required to complete a calculation using the Born-Haber cycle. 25. Potato, Periodic Table Families: Properties & Uses, Reasons for Settlement of North America: Religion, Politics & Economics, Eric Walters’ Shattered: Characters & Analysis, Themes and Symbols in To Kill a Mockingbird, “On the Sidewalk, Bleeding”: Analysis & Theme, Hiro Murai’s “Guava Island”: Film Analysis, Alice Dunbar Nelson: Poet, Essayist and Activist, Impact of Globalization- Gini Coefficient, Themes in William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 19. substance. Cations experience higher covalent character according to increasing charge density. Look up definitions of common and important organic chemistry terms. Solubility – Describes how much of a substance dissolves in another substance. Tutor and Freelance Writer. Here is a list of some of the most common and most interesting terms you need to know. 17. Important Chemistry terms. chemical formula…

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