This is a forest bird, rarely found far from closed-canopy forest. This species may be displaced by the hermit thrush where their ranges overlap. Swainson's thrush is a very rare vagrant to western Europe. The wingspan averages at 30 cm (12 in) and the wing chord is 8.7–10.5 cm (3.4–4.1 in). [8] They make a cup nest on a horizontal tree branch. In the Rocky Mountains and in Pacific states, look for them in dense alder thickets along streams running through coniferous forest. The current migratory routes of the continental birds, especially the western populations, are not optimal in ecological terms, and presumably represent an inherited, historical route pattern that has not yet adapted to the birds' modern population locations. This bird's song is a hurried series of flute-like tones spiralling upwards. The bill measures 1.5–1.9 cm (0.59–0.75 in) in length and the tarsus is 2.5 to 3.1 cm (0.98 to 1.22 in) long. The bill measures 1.5–1.9 cm (0.59–0.75 in) in length and the tarsus is 2.5 to 3.1 cm (0.98 to 1.22 in) long. These birds migrate to southern Mexico and as far south as Argentina. Swainson's thrush (Catharus ustulatus), also called olive-backed thrush, is a medium-sized thrush. Thrushes and Allies(Order: Passeriformes, Family:Turdidae). Olive-backed Swainson’s Thrush spend the winter in tropical forests of northern South America. This slim and graceful hawk is a common sight over grasslands of the Great Plains and the west, but only in summer: every autumn, most individuals migrate to southern South America. Individuals breeding in the Pacific states (often called the “Russet-backed” Thrush) are rustier above, with thinner, paler eyerings and medium-brown chest spotting. Recent molecular systematics work[9] confirms that these two pairs of subspecies form two genetically distinct clades, referred to as the continental and coastal clades, which diverged during the Late Pleistocene era, probably about 10,000 years ago as the last ice age came to its end and habitats shifted across North America. The wingspan averages at 30 cm (12 in) and the wing chord is 8.7–10.5 cm (3.4–4.1 in). It has also occurred as a vagrant in northeast Asia.[3]. British Columbia has both coastal and inland breeding populations of Swainson’s Thrush. At least in the winter quarters, Swainson's thrush tends to keep away from areas of human construction and other activity. Catharus ustulatus . These results notwithstanding, analysis of mtDNA cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 as well as nuclear β-fibrinogen intron 7 sequence data[10] shows that Swainson's thrush is the most ancient North American species of its genus; it is not closely related to other Catharus and the outward similarities with the other North American species are due to convergent evolution. This species is 16–20 cm (6.3–7.9 in) in length. The distinctive song and call also distinguish Swainson's Thrush from others. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Out of the wide range of fruit eaten by this bird, those of, http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/103881682/0, "Foraging behavior of Swainson's Thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) during spring migration through Arkansas". Swainson’s Thrushes breeding on the Pacific slope of the U.S. and Canada have warmer brown upperparts (see Regional Differences). The underparts are white with brown on the flanks; the breast is lighter brown with darker spots. Four subspecies are recognised, Cathartus ustulatus alame, C. u. swainsoni, C. u. ustulatus and C. u. oedicus. Overall length 16.1 to 19.3 cm; mass 23 to 45 g. Although wings and tail may be somewhat browner than body, upperparts appear fairly uniform in color. See more images of this species in Macaulay Library. Swainson’s Thrushes that breed in the Pacific states (often called the “Russet-backed” Thrush) are rusty-brown above, with thinner, paler eyerings and medium-brown chest spotting. Olive-brown above with a distinct buffy eyering. It is a member of genus Catharus and is typical of it in terms of its subdued coloration and beautiful, ascending flute-like voice. The coastal subspecies migrate down the Pacific coast of North America and winter from Mexico to Costa Rica, whereas the continental birds migrate eastwards within North America (a substantial detour) and then travel southwards via Florida to winter from Panama to Bolivia. [4][5][6] This thrush has the white-dark-white underwing pattern characteristic of Catharus thrushes. White underparts with brownish spotting on the throat and breast. Although Swainson's Hawk is big enough to prey on rodents, snakes, and birds (and does so, while it is raising young), at most seasons it feeds heavily on large insects instead. Swainson's Thrush is best distinguished from all other thrushes by presence of buffy eye-ring and lores. Smaller than an American Robin; larger than a White-throated Sparrow. They forage for insects and other arthropods on or near the ground. The genus name Catharus comes from the Ancient Greek katharos, "pure or clean" and refers to the plumage of the orange-billed nightingale-thrush C. aurantiirostris. The potential of fruiting trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico. Swainson's thrush was named after William Swainson, an English ornithologist. Breeds primarily in evergreen forests except in California where it also uses deciduous forests near streams. Size & Shape Swainson’s Thrushes are medium-sized thrushes—slim songbirds with round heads and short, straight bills. Not as the crow flies: a historical explanation for circuitous migration in Swainson's thrush (, Seasonal migration, speciation, and morphological convergence in the avian genus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swainson%27s_thrush&oldid=979010881, Native birds of the Northwestern United States, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Winker, Kevin & Pruett, Christin L. (2006): ", This page was last edited on 18 September 2020, at 07:02. Medium-sized thrush with a round head. The breeding habitat of Swainson's thrush is coniferous woods with dense undergrowth across Canada, Alaska, and the northern United States; also, deciduous wooded areas on the Pacific coast of North America. Adults are brown on the upperparts. Get Instant ID help for 650+ North American birds. This species' body mass can range from 23 to 45 g (0.81 to 1.59 oz). Olive-brown above with a distinct buffy eyering and brownish spotting on the throat and breast. They forage on the forest floor, also in trees. Individuals breeding in the eastern and northern parts of North America (often called “Olive-backed Thrush”) are more olive-brown above with darker spotting on the breast. Swainson’s Thrush breed in northern hardwood forests of New England, too, but are far more common in the high-elevation forests of spruce and fir at elevations between 1000 and 1200 meters. [7] Swainson's thrushes mainly eat insects, fruits and berries. The specific ustuatus is Latin for "burnt", from urere, "to burn".[2]. They have pink legs and a light brown eye ring. Their fairly long wings and medium-length tail can make the back half of the bird appear long. The widespread eastern and northern form (often called “Olive-backed Thrush”) is common east of the Cascades/Sierra Nevada.

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