Various uranium and plutonium carbides are known, including the monocarbides (UC, PuC), the sesquicarbides (U. Silicon carbide has two similar crystalline forms, which are both related to the diamond structure. Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and lanthanoid metals form acetylides, e.g., sodium carbide Na2C2, calcium carbide CaC2, and LaC2. The notation "h/2" refers to the M2C type structure described above, which is only an approximate description of the actual structures. Interstitial carbides are derived primarily from relatively large transition metals that act as a host lattice for the small carbon atoms, which occupy the interstices of the close-packed metal atoms. Some exhibit a range of stoichiometries, being a non-stoichiometric mixture of various carbides arising due to crystal defects. These carbides are more reactive than the interstitial carbides; for example, the carbides of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni are all hydrolysed by dilute acids and sometimes by water, to give a mixture of hydrogen and hydrocarbons. Omissions? At elevated temperatures some interstitial carbides retain the mechanical properties of metals, such as malleability. Two additional methods involve reaction of a metal or metal salt with a hydrocarbon, usually acetylene, C2H2. The reaction of CaC2 with water yields C2H2 and a significant amount of heat, so the reaction is carried out under carefully controlled conditions. Calcium carbide is important chiefly as a source of acetylene and other chemicals, whereas the carbides of silicon, tungsten, and several other elements are valued for their physical hardness, strength, and resistance to chemical attack even at very high temperatures. Pure calcium carbide has a high melting point (2,300 °C [4,200 °F]) and is a colourless solid. [2] The C-C distance in Mg2C3 is 133.2 pm. Carbide, any of a class of chemical compounds in which carbon is combined with a metallic or semimetallic element. Both materials are important industrially. Many of the early transition metals have radii that are large enough to form interstitial monocarbides, MC. Several carbides are assumed to be salts of the acetylide anion C22– (also called percarbide), which has a triple bond between the two carbon atoms. The C-C triple bond length ranges from 119.2 pm in CaC2 (similar to ethyne), to 130.3 pm in LaC2 and 134 pm in UC2. Boron also forms other covalent carbides, e.g. In addition to the carbides, other groups of related carbon compounds exist:[2], For the software development tool targeting the Symbian OS, see, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2020 (, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, "Reaction of titanium carbide with water", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carbide&oldid=988107166, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, metallacarbohedrenes(met-cars) which are cluster compounds containing C. two-dimensional transition metal carbides: This page was last edited on 11 November 2020, at 03:15. Aluminum carbide reacts as a typical methanide with water to produce methane. The best known is cementite, Fe3C, which is present in steels. A carbide ion is not C4-. (See crystal for a discussion of packing arrangements in solids.) Three examples are aluminium carbide Al4C3, magnesium carbide Mg2C[8] and beryllium carbide Be2C. Black Friday Sale! However, most transition metals form interstitial carbides of several stoichiometries. Zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) also form acetylides, although they are not as well characterized. Updates? Silicon carbide (SiC) is known as carborundum and is prepared by the reduction of silicon dioxide (SiO2) with elemental carbon in an electric furnace. In chemistry, a carbide usually describes a compound composed of carbon and a metal. [4], Iron forms a number of carbides, Fe3C, Fe7C3 and Fe2C. Some of them e.g. Examples include calcium carbide (CaC2), silicon carbide (SiC), tungsten carbide (WC; often called, simply, carbide when referring to machine tooling), and cementite (Fe3C), each used in key industrial applications. In metallurgy, carbiding or carburizing is the process for producing carbide coatings on a metal piece. [9], Note that methanide in this context is a trivial historical name. Most MC2 acetylides have the CaC2 structure, which is derived from the cubic sodium chloride (NaCl) structure. Calcium carbide is important chiefly as a source of acetylene and other chemicals, whereas the carbides of silicon, tungsten, and several other elements are valued for their physical Transition metal carbides are not saline carbides but their reaction with water is very slow and is usually neglected. The naming of ionic carbides is not systematic.

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